Another possibility would be a concatenation of a Hamming code with a low density parity check code.
2.
This pre-code may itself be a concatenation of multiple codes, for example in the code standardized by 3GPP a high density parity check code derived from the binary Gray sequence is concatenated with a simple regular low density parity check code.
3.
This pre-code may itself be a concatenation of multiple codes, for example in the code standardized by 3GPP a high density parity check code derived from the binary Gray sequence is concatenated with a simple regular low density parity check code.
4.
There are other forward error correction codes that can be used in an HARQ scheme besides Turbo codes, e . g . extended irregular repeat-accumulate ( eIRA ) code and Efficiently-Encodable Rate-Compatible ( E2RC ) code, both of which are Low Density Parity Check Code.